Applications of waste-to-economy practices in the urban wastewater sector: implications for ecosystem, human health and environment

Waste generation has steadily increased over the last few decades, owing to rising population and rapid industrial development. By 2050, the world is expected to generate 3.40 billion tons of waste per year, up from 2.01 billion tons today. Waste mismanagement has negative consequences for human health and the environment, while also contributing to climate change. To reduce waste generation, resources must be used and reused in a sustainable manner so that they do not end up in landfills. Waste-to-economy (WTE) is a feasible approach with enormous potential to contribute to waste management sustainability while also generating economic benefits. The transition from a linear to a circular economy, in which waste is recycled, reused, and used as a resource, may provide a significant opportunity to generate significant wealth or economic benefits, as well as positive environmental and health implications, particularly in the urban water sector. Long-term direct and indirect economic, ecological, and human health benefits may result if global environmental pollution is reduced, resulting in a corresponding reduction in morbidity and mortality at endpoint impacts. The importance and implications of waste to economy practices in the urban water sector have been discussed in this chapter. This approach could be extremely beneficial in countries dealing with a water crisis. The 6R principle of reduce, recycle, reclaim, recover, reuse, and restore can be used to reduce water stress. As a result, water demands could be met with some considerations, as well as the generation and recovery of value-added products from wastewaters. The transition from a linear economy to a WTE approach, however, carries the risk of negative environmental and human health consequences associated with the production and reuse of recycled materials. Aside from that, the effects of WTE applications on ecosystems, the environment, and human health are mostly positive. This chapter discussed the need for and application of WTE principles in the urban water sector, as well as the associated positive and negative environmental, economic, and health implications, as well as some recommendations. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An overview of novel Coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 spanning around the past, present and future perspectives. (Special Issue: Coronaviruses and COVID-19- Past, Present, and Future.)

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new enveloped RNA virus known as Coronavirus (COVID-19) are most prevalent in humans and wild animals. All four species that is alpha, beta, delta and theta have been identified till date and are responsible for human disease;causing influenza like illness (ILI). This virus has similar lineage of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This outbreak initially presented as pneumonia-like illness in a group of people in Wuhan, China. The infection was said to be caused by seafood and unusual animals in the wholesale markets of this city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic. As of now it has spread to 197 countries with total no of cases in the world being 3.76 million as of early march. The mortality till now is 7.11%. The cases have been increasing since its first discovery in China. In India also the number has been increased. Till now India has total of 39,980 cases and mortality is attributed to be 3.26%. As per data from Ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW) death is more commonly seen in males with age > 60 years. Among these most of the deaths were related to other co-morbid conditions. This article will help the readers with an overview of novel Coronavirus spanning around the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies and infection control measures. It will also help in raising awareness among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 and aid in early recognition of these patients. Moreover, this review will also focus on the most recent information for the effective management, prevention, and treatment of patients worldwide.

An Overview of Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Spanning around the Past, Present and Future Perspectives

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new enveloped RNA virus known as Coronavirus (COVID-19) are most prevalent in humans and wild animals. All four species that is alpha, beta, delta and theta have been identified till date and are responsible for human disease;causing influenza like illness (ILI). This virus has similar lineage of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV). This outbreak initially presented as pneumonia-like illness in a group of people in Wuhan, China. The infection was said to be caused by seafood and unusual animals in the wholesale markets of this city. SARS-CoV-2 is highly infectious and has resulted in a rapid pandemic. As of now it has spread to 197 countries with total no of cases in the world being 3.76 million as of early march. The mortality till now is 7.11%. The cases have been increasing since its first discovery in China. In India also the number has been increased. Till now India has total of 39,980 cases and mortality is attributed to be 3.26%. As per data from Ministry of health and family welfare (MoHFW) death is more commonly seen in males with age >60years. Among these most of the deaths were related to other co-morbid conditions. This article will help the readers with an overview of novel Coronavirus spanning around the clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment strategies and infection control measures. It will also help in raising awareness among healthcare workers regarding COVID-19 and aid in early recognition of these patients. Moreover, this review will also focus on the most recent information for the effective management, prevention, and treatment of patients worldwide.